Back to Search
Start Over
Longitudinal Trends of the Annual Exposure to PM 2.5 Particles in European Countries.
- Source :
-
Scientifica [Scientifica (Cairo)] 2021 Dec 10; Vol. 2021, pp. 8922798. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 10 (Print Publication: 2021). - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Background: PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> emission is known as a major challenge to environmental health and is the cause of approximately 7 million deaths annually. This study aimed at investigating the main patterns of PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> trend changes among European countries.<br />Methods: The annual exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> pollutants was retrieved from the World Bank for 41 countries during 2010 to 2017, and a latent growth model was applied to identify the main patterns using Mplus 7.4 software.<br />Results: Monitoring the overall mean annual exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> in the Europe showed a downward pattern with an annual decrease of 2.48% during the study period. Turkey had the highest PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> exposure with 43.82 μ g/m <superscript>3</superscript> in 2010, reaching 44.31 μ g/m <superscript>3</superscript> in 2017. Likewise, with 7.19 μ g/m <superscript>3</superscript> in 2010, Finland had the lowest exposure level which decreased to 5.86 μ g/m <superscript>3</superscript> in 2017. Two main patterns for the mean annual PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> exposure were identified via the latent growth model. Countries in the first pattern, including Turkey and Ukraine, had experienced a slow annual increase in the mean exposure of PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> pollutant. Likewise, the other 39 countries belonged to the second pattern with a moderate falling trend in the mean exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> .<br />Conclusion: Although the trend changes of mean annual exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> in Europe were falling, Turkey and Ukraine had experienced a slow annual increase. It is advisable to take appropriate measures to curb the current raising exposure to PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> in Turkey and Ukraine.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Mahdiyeh Alikhani Faradonbeh et al.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2090-908X
- Volume :
- 2021
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Scientifica
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34925936
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922798