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A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine [Front Cardiovasc Med] 2021 Dec 14; Vol. 8, pp. 792180. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 14 (Print Publication: 2021). - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Early-onset heart failure (HF) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection (PLWH), yet the molecular causes for this remain poorly understood. Herein NOD.Cg-Prkdc <superscript>scid</superscript> Il2rg <superscript>tm1Wjl</superscript> /SzJ humanized mice (Hu-mice), plasma from PLWH, and autopsied cardiac tissues from deceased HIV seropositive individuals were used to assess if there is a link between the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) and HF in the setting of HIV-1 infection. At five weeks post HIV infection, Hu-mice developed grade III-IV diastolic dysfunction (DD) with an associated two-fold increase in plasma MG. At sixteen-seventeen weeks post infection, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening also declined by 26 and 35%, and plasma MG increased to four-fold higher than uninfected controls. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of cardiac tissues from Hu-mice 17 weeks post-infection affirmed MG increase with a concomitant decrease in expression of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). The endothelial cell marker CD31 was found to be lower, and coronary microvascular leakage and myocardial fibrosis were prominent. Increasing expression of Glo1 in Hu-mice five weeks post-infection using a single dose of an engineered AAV2/9 (1.7 × 10 <superscript>12</superscript> virion particles/kg), attenuated the increases in plasma and cardiac MG levels. Increasing Glo1 also blunted microvascular leakage, fibrosis, and HF seen at sixteen weeks post-infection, without changes in plasma viral loads. In plasma from virally suppressed PLWH, MG was also 3.7-fold higher. In autopsied cardiac tissues from seropositive, HIV individuals with low viral log, MG was 4.2-fold higher and Glo1 was 50% lower compared to uninfected controls. These data show for the first time a causal link between accumulation of MG and HF in the setting of HIV infection.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Dash, Alomar, Cox, McMillan, Hackfort, Makarov, Morsey, Fox, Gendelman, Gorantla and Bidasee.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2297-055X
- Volume :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34970611
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.792180