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Optimal Dietary Intake Composition of Choline and Betaine Is Associated with Minimized Visceral Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis in a Case-Control Study.
- Source :
-
Nutrients [Nutrients] 2022 Jan 08; Vol. 14 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 08. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Few studies on humans have comprehensively evaluated the intake composition of methyl-donor nutrients (MDNs: choline, betaine, and folate) in relation to visceral obesity (VOB)-related hepatic steatosis (HS), the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. In this case-control study, we recruited 105 patients with HS and 104 without HS (controls). HS was diagnosed through ultrasound examination. VOB was measured using a whole-body analyzer. MDN intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for multiple HS risk factors, total choline intake was the most significant dietary determinant of HS in patients with VOB (Beta: -0.41, p = 0.01). Low intake of choline (<6.9 mg/kg body weight), betaine (<3.1 mg/kg body weight), and folate (<8.8 μg/kg body weight) predicted increased odds ratios (ORs) of VOB-related HS (choline: OR: 22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5-80; betaine: OR: 14, 95% CI: 4.4-50; and folate: OR: 19, 95% CI: 5.2-74). Combined high intake of choline and betaine, but not folate, was associated with an 81% reduction in VOB-related HS (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.69). Our data suggest that the optimal intake of choline and betaine can minimize the risk of VOB-related HS in a threshold-dependent manner.
- Subjects :
- Adiposity
Aged
Biomarkers blood
Body Composition
Case-Control Studies
Diet Records
Eating
Fatty Liver blood
Fatty Liver diagnostic imaging
Fatty Liver etiology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity blood
Obesity, Abdominal blood
Obesity, Abdominal diagnosis
Odds Ratio
Taiwan
Ultrasonography
Betaine administration & dosage
Choline administration & dosage
Fatty Liver prevention & control
Folic Acid administration & dosage
Obesity, Abdominal complications
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6643
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nutrients
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35057441
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020261