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Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection.
- Source :
-
Nature microbiology [Nat Microbiol] 2022 Mar; Vol. 7 (3), pp. 423-433. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 07. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at ~120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (≥50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.<br /> (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Antibodies, Neutralizing blood
Antibodies, Viral blood
Asymptomatic Infections epidemiology
COVID-19 blood
COVID-19 epidemiology
COVID-19 virology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin G blood
Immunoglobulin G immunology
Immunoglobulin M blood
Immunoglobulin M immunology
Male
Middle Aged
SARS-CoV-2 genetics
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology
Young Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology
Antibodies, Viral immunology
COVID-19 immunology
SARS-CoV-2 physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2058-5276
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nature microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35132197
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-01051-2