Microstructure-dependent crevice corrosion damage of implant materials CoCr28Mo6, TiAl6V4 and REX 734 under severe inflammatory conditions.

Fretting corrosion is associated with increased risk of premature implant failure. In this complex in vivo corrosion system, the contribution of static crevice corrosion of the joined metal alloys is still unknown. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for testing crevice corrosion behavior that simulates the physiological conditions of modular taper junctions and to identify critical factors on corrosion susceptibility. Samples of medical grade CoCr28Mo6 cast and wrought alloy, TiAl6V4 wrought alloy and REX 734 stainless steel were prepared metallographically and the microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crevice formers that mimic typical geometries of taper junctions were developed. Crevice corrosion immersion tests were performed in different physiological fluids (bovine serum or phosphate buffered saline with additives of 30 mM H ₂ O ₂ at pH = 1) for 4 weeks at 37°C. SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as focused ion beam were used to characterize the surface morphology, investigate present damages and identify the chemical composition of residues. Macroscopic inspection showed increased crevice corrosion susceptibility of TiAl6V4 and REX 734 under severe simulated inflammatory conditions. CoCr28Mo6 cast alloy exhibited degraded areas next to Cr- and Mo-rich precipitations that were located within the opposed crevices. The results indicate that aggressive electrolyte composition and crevice heights of 50-500 μm are critical influencing factors on crevice corrosion of biomedical alloys. Furthermore, manufacturing-related microstructure of common implant alloys determines the deterioration of corrosion resistance. The developed method should be used to enhance the corrosion resistance of common implant biomaterials by an adapted microstructure.
(© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)