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Rapid, Multianalyte Detection of Opioid Metabolites in Wastewater.
- Source :
-
ACS nano [ACS Nano] 2022 Mar 22; Vol. 16 (3), pp. 3704-3714. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 24. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- By monitoring opioid metabolites, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) could be an excellent tool for real-time information on the consumption of illicit drugs. A key limitation of WBE is the reliance on costly laboratory-based techniques that require substantial infrastructure and trained personnel, resulting in long turnaround times. Here, we present an aptamer-based graphene field effect transistor (AptG-FET) platform for simultaneous detection of three different opioid metabolites. This platform provides a reliable, rapid, and inexpensive method for quantitative analysis of opioid metabolites in wastewater. The platform delivers a limit of detection 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than previous reports, but in line with the concentration range (pg/mL to ng/mL) of these opioid metabolites present in real samples. To enable multianalyte detection, we developed a facile, reproducible, and high-yield fabrication process producing 20 G-FETs with integrated side gate platinum (Pt) electrodes on a single chip. Our devices achieved the selective multianalyte detection of three different metabolites: noroxycodone (NX), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and norfentanyl (NF) in wastewater diluted 20× in buffer.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1936-086X
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- ACS nano
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35201755
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c07094