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Rapid, Multianalyte Detection of Opioid Metabolites in Wastewater.

Authors :
Kumar N
Rana M
Geiwitz M
Khan NI
Catalano M
Ortiz-Marquez JC
Kitadai H
Weber A
Dweik B
Ling X
van Opijnen T
Argun AA
Burch KS
Source :
ACS nano [ACS Nano] 2022 Mar 22; Vol. 16 (3), pp. 3704-3714. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 24.
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

By monitoring opioid metabolites, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) could be an excellent tool for real-time information on the consumption of illicit drugs. A key limitation of WBE is the reliance on costly laboratory-based techniques that require substantial infrastructure and trained personnel, resulting in long turnaround times. Here, we present an aptamer-based graphene field effect transistor (AptG-FET) platform for simultaneous detection of three different opioid metabolites. This platform provides a reliable, rapid, and inexpensive method for quantitative analysis of opioid metabolites in wastewater. The platform delivers a limit of detection 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than previous reports, but in line with the concentration range (pg/mL to ng/mL) of these opioid metabolites present in real samples. To enable multianalyte detection, we developed a facile, reproducible, and high-yield fabrication process producing 20 G-FETs with integrated side gate platinum (Pt) electrodes on a single chip. Our devices achieved the selective multianalyte detection of three different metabolites: noroxycodone (NX), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and norfentanyl (NF) in wastewater diluted 20× in buffer.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1936-086X
Volume :
16
Issue :
3
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
ACS nano
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
35201755
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c07094