Methotrexate and TNF inhibitors affect long-term immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease.

Competing Interests: JUS reports consultancy fees from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, AbbVie, and Amgen, and funding for investigator-initiated studies from Pfizer, Sanofi, and Janssen. MJM reports laboratory research and clinical trials contracts with Lilly, Pfizer, and Sanofi, and personal fees for scientific advisory board service from Merck, Meissa Vaccines, and Pfizer. PMI reports consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline and Momenta/Janssen. RHH reports consulting fees from Janssen. SA reports grant support from Johnson & Johnson. GS reports consulting fees from AbbVie. DPH reports consultancy fees from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Takeda, UCB, and Pfizer, and reports research support from Janssen and Pfizer. JEA reports consultancy fees from BioFire Diagnostics and Janssen; research grant support from BioFire Diagnostic; and holds US patent 2012/0052124A1. SCh reports consulting fees from AbbVie, Pfizer, and Bristol Myers Squibb. AS reports consulting fees from Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, and Kezar. ALN reports consultancy fees from Janssen, UCB, AbbVie, and Bristol Myers Squibb, and her immediate family member owns shares of stock in Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, and Pfizer. All other authors declare no competing interests. RHH, SU, and JEA contributed equally to this paper. DPH and JUS contributed equally to this paper. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. Further de-identified data can be made available upon request via email to the corresponding author. This study was funded by US National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR074500 to Scher, T32-AR-069515 to RHH and JUS), NIH–National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK124570 to JEA), NIH–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI082630 and AI158617 to SH), Rheumatology Research Foundation (Scientist Development Award to RHH), Bloomberg Philanthropies, Pfizer COVID-19 Competitive Grant Program, The Beatrice Snyder Foundation, The Riley Family Foundation, Crohn's and Colitis Foundation (to JEA), and the Judith and Stewart Colton Center for Autoimmunity (to JEA). No authors are employed by the NIH. We are grateful to our patients and their families for participating in this study and to our colleagues who referred patients to use. We thank Luz Alvarado, Rhina Medina, Parvathi Girija, and Jyoti Patel for coordinating and for data entry efforts.