Step by step: How to perform a fluoroless cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of ablation of atrial fibrillation. With widespread use of 3D Electroanatomic Mapping Systems and advances in intracardiac echo imaging, fluoroless ablation has been possible.
Methods: Fluoroless ablation with cryoballoon (CB), however, has not been widely performed because of the need to prove occlusion of the vein with contrast dye and fluoroscopy.
Results and Conclusion: In this step-by-step guide, the authors will show how a CB ablation can be performed without the use of fluoroscopy.
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