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Local ecological divergence of two closely related stag beetles based on genetic, morphological, and environmental analyses.

Authors :
Zhang SN
Kubota K
Source :
Ecology and evolution [Ecol Evol] 2022 Apr 17; Vol. 12 (4), pp. e8837. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 17 (Print Publication: 2022).
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

The process of phenotypic adaptation to the environments is widely recognized. However, comprehensive studies integrating phylogenetic, phenotypic, and ecological approaches to assess this process are scarce. Our study aims to assess whether local adaptation may explain intraspecific differentiation by quantifying multidimensional differences among populations in closely related lucanid species, Platycerus delicatulus and Platycerus kawadai , which are endemic saproxylic beetles in Japan. First, we determined intraspecific analysis units based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene analyses of Platycerus delicatulus and Platycerus kawadai under sympatric and allopatric conditions. Then, we compared differences in morphology and environmental niche between populations (analysis units) within species. We examined the relationship between morphology and environmental niche via geographic distance. P . kawadai was subdivided into the "No introgression" and "Introgression" populations based on mitochondrial COI gene - nuclear ITS region discordance. P . delicatulus was subdivided into "Allopatric" and "Sympatric" populations. Body length differed significantly among the populations of each species. For P . delicatulus , character displacement was suggested. For P . kawadai , the morphological difference was likely caused by geographic distance or genetic divergence rather than environmental differences. The finding showed that the observed mitochondrial-nuclear discordance is likely due to historical mitochondrial introgression following a range of expansion. Our results show that morphological variation among populations of P . delicatulus and P .  kawadai reflects an ecological adaptation process based on interspecific interactions, geographic distance, or genetic divergence. Our results will deepen understanding of ecological specialization processes across the distribution and adaptation of species in natural systems.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.<br /> (© 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2045-7758
Volume :
12
Issue :
4
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Ecology and evolution
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
35449584
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8837