A meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Background: Enhanced recovery programmes in laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS) employ combined approaches to achieve postoperative analgesia. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a locoregional anaesthetic technique that may reduce postoperative pain.
Aims: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of laparoscopic- versus ultrasound-guided TAP block in LCS.
Methods: Databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until March 2022. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared laparoscopic (LTB) versus ultrasound-guided (UTB) TAP blocks in LCS were included. The primary outcome was narcotic consumption at 24 h postoperatively, whilst secondary outcomes included pain scores at 24 h postoperatively, operative time, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and complication rates. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size estimates.
Results: Three RCTs were included capturing 219 patients. Studies were clinically heterogenous. On random effects analysis, LTB was associated with significantly lower narcotic consumption (SMD - 0.30 mg, 95% CI = - 0.57 to - 0.03, p = 0.03) and pain scores (SMD - 0.29, 95% CI = - 0.56 to - 0.03, p = 0.03) at 24 h. However, there were no differences in operative time (SMD - 0.09 min, 95% CI = - 0.40 to 0.22, p = 0.56), PONV (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.36 to 2.65, p = 0.96) or complication (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.64 to 2.64, p = 0.47) rates.
Conclusions: LTB is associated with significantly less narcotic usage and pain at 24 h postoperatively but similar PONV, operative time and complication rates, compared to UTB. However, the data were inconsistent, and our findings require further investigation. LTB obviates the need for ultrasound devices whilst also decreasing procedure logistical complexity.
(© 2022. Crown.)