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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19: The Paradox of Good.

Authors :
Grassi G
Notari S
Gili S
Bordoni V
Casetti R
Cimini E
Tartaglia E
Mariotti D
Agrati C
Sacchi A
Source :
Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2022 Apr 27; Vol. 13, pp. 842949. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 27 (Print Publication: 2022).
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Viral replication in the respiratory tract induces the death of infected cells and the release of pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs give rise to local inflammation, increasing the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which attract immune cells from the blood into the infected lung. In most individuals, lung-recruited cells clear the infection, and the immune response retreats. However, in some cases, a dysfunctional immune response occurs, which triggers a cytokine storm in the lung, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an impaired innate and adaptive immune response and by a massive expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs function as protective regulators of the immune response, protecting the host from over-immunoreactivity and hyper-inflammation. However, under certain conditions, such as chronic inflammation and cancer, MDSCs could exert a detrimental role. Accordingly, the early expansion of MDSCs in COVID-19 is able to predict the fatal outcome of the infection. Here, we review recent data on MDSCs during COVID-19, discussing how they can influence the course of the disease and whether they could be considered as biomarker and possible targets for new therapeutic approaches.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Grassi, Notari, Gili, Bordoni, Casetti, Cimini, Tartaglia, Mariotti, Agrati and Sacchi.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1664-3224
Volume :
13
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Frontiers in immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
35572540
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.842949