Constituents from ripe figs of Ficus vallis-choudae Delile (Moraceae) with antiplasmodial activity.

Ripe figs, barks, and wood of Ficus vallis-choudae are used in traditional medicine against several conditions including nausea and malaria. However, its use is still to be scientifically documented and validated. Hence, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (DCM-MeOH (1:1)) crude extract, their hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanoli fractions, as well as the isolated chemical constituents. The chemical study of the DCM-MeOH (1:1) crude extract of F. vallis-choudae figs led to the isolation of fifteen (15) known compounds identified based on their spectroscopic data [one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry] and by comparison of these data with those reported in the literature. Some of the isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 (Pf3D7) and multidrug-resistant Dd2 strains. The dichloromethane fraction exhibited very good antiplasmodial activity against both strains with IC ₅₀ values of 13.86 μg/mL and 8.18 μg/mL, respectively. Among the tested compounds, wighteone (2) was the most active against P. falciparum 3D7 (IC ₅₀  = 24.6 ± 1.5 μM) and Dd2 (IC ₅₀  = 11.9 ± 2.4 μM) strains. The obtained results could justify the traditional uses of F. vallis-choudae against malaria. Wighteone appears to be the most active ingredient. However, further consideration of this compound as starting point for antimalarial drug discovery will depend upon its selectivity of action towards Plasmodium parasites. HIGHLIGHTS: • 15 (fifteen) compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane-methanol extract of Ficus vallis-choudae. • Their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. • The dichloromethane fraction showed promising activities on the Pf3D7 and PfDd2 strains with IC ₅₀ values of 13.86 and 8.18 µg/mL, respectively. • Wighteone was the most active compound against PfDd2 (IC ₅₀  = 11.9 ± 2.4 μM).
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)