Gilteritinib in Isolated Breast Relapse of FLT3 Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not a rare event, and the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation is a well-known risk factor. Gilteritinib is approved for relapsed/refractory FLT3+ AML, but its efficacy in extramedullary relapse is still undefined. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old woman with therapy-related nucleophosmin-1 and FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) positive AML treated with induction and consolidation with CPX-351 (liposomal daunorubicin plus cytarabine) followed by off-label azacitidine maintenance who obtained a complete remission (CR) with persistent measurable residual disease. After 19 months of CR, she experienced an isolated breast relapse of FLT3-ITD+ AML. She was started on single-agent gilteritinib, resulting in a rapid and persistent complete regression of the breast nodule. Targeted therapy with gilteritinib for relapsed/refractory FLT3-ITD+ AML can be effective in isolated extramedullary relapse.
(© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.)