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Associations between Smoking and Alcohol and Follicular Lymphoma Incidence and Survival: A Family-Based Case-Control Study in Australia.
- Source :
-
Cancers [Cancers (Basel)] 2022 May 30; Vol. 14 (11). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 30. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- The association between smoking and alcohol consumption and follicular lymphoma (FL) incidence and clinical outcome is uncertain. We conducted a population-based family case-control study (709 cases: 490 controls) in Australia. We assessed lifetime history of smoking and recent alcohol consumption and followed-up cases (median = 83 months). We examined associations with FL risk using unconditional logistic regression and with all-cause and FL-specific mortality of cases using Cox regression. FL risk was associated with ever smoking (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.08−1.74), former smoking (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.05−1.77), smoking initiation before age 17 (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.06−2.05), the highest categories of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.04−2.01), smoking duration (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.07−2.18) and pack-years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.10−2.22). For never smokers, FL risk increased for those exposed indoors to >2 smokers during childhood (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11−3.04). For cases, current smoking and the highest categories of smoking duration and lifetime cigarette exposure were associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for current smoking and FL-specific mortality was 2.97 (95%CI = 0.91−9.72). We found no association between recent alcohol consumption and FL risk, all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed consistent evidence of an association between smoking and increased FL risk and possibly also FL-specific mortality. Strengthening anti-smoking policies and interventions may reduce the population burden of FL.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6694
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cancers
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35681690
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14112710