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Inverse Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and All-Cause Mortality: Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.
- Source :
-
The Journal of nutrition [J Nutr] 2022 Oct 06; Vol. 152 (10), pp. 2245-2254. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- Background: A dose-response and nonlinear association between fruit and vegetable intake and mortality has been reported in Europe and the United States, but little is known about this association in Asia.<br />Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association of fruit and vegetable intake with all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease mortality in a Japanese cohort.<br />Methods: In the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study, we included 94,658 participants (mean age: 56.4; 46.0% male) without cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Information on fruit and vegetable intake was collected using a validated FFQ. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of each quintile of fruit and vegetable intake, separately, in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the first quintile as a reference. Nonlinear associations were evaluated using a likelihood ratio test, comparing a linear model with a restricted cubic spline model.<br />Results: During a median of 20.9 follow-up years (IQR: 19.6-23.8 y), 23,687 all-cause deaths were documented. After adjusting for age, sex, and potential confounding factors, fruit and vegetable intake was nonlinearly and significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality, with the fourth and fifth quintiles having comparable HRs (fruit: fourth quintile HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.95 and fifth quintile HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; P-nonlinearity < 0.001; vegetable: fourth quintile HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97 and fifth quintile HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98; P-nonlinearity = 0.002). Fruit intake was significantly associated with lower cardiovascular mortality (HR in the fifth quintile: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99; P-nonlinearity = 0.01).<br />Conclusions: In the Japanese population, higher intake of fruits and vegetables was nonlinearly associated with decreased all-cause mortality. These findings may contribute to the establishment of dietary recommendations for enhancing life expectancy in Asia.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1541-6100
- Volume :
- 152
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 35762672
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxac136