CT features associated with underlying malignancy in patients with diagnosed mesenteric panniculitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify abdominal computed tomography (CT) features associated with underlying malignancy in patients with mesenteric panniculitis (MP).
Materials and Methods: This single-institution retrospective longitudinal cohort study included patients with MP and a minimum 1-year abdominopelvic CT follow-up or 2-year clinical follow-up after initial abdominopelvic CT examination. Two radiologists, blinded to patients' medical records, conjointly reviewed CT-based features of MP. Electronic medical records were reviewed for newly diagnosed malignancies with the following specific details: type (lymphoproliferative disease or solid malignancy), location (possible mesenteric drainage or distant), stage, time to diagnosis. An expert panel of three radiologists and one hemato-oncologist, who were blinded to the initial CT-based MP features, assessed the probability of association between MP and malignancy based on the malignancy characteristics.
Results: From 2006 to 2016, 444 patients with MP were included. There were 272 men and 172 women, with a median age of 64 years (age range: 25-89); the median overall follow-up was 36 months (IQR: 22, 60; range: 12-170). A total of 34 (8%) patients had a diagnosis of a new malignancy; 5 (1%) were considered possibly related to the MP, all being low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. CT features associated with the presence of an underlying malignancy were the presence of an MP soft-tissue nodule with a short axis >10 mm (P < 0.0001) or lymphadenopathy in another abdominopelvic region (P < 0.0001). Associating these two features resulted in high diagnostic performance (sensitivity 100%; [95% CI: 57-100]; specificity 99% [95% CI: 98-100]). All related malignancies were identified.
Conclusion: Further workup to rule out an underlying malignancy is only necessary in the presence of an MP soft-tissue nodule >10 mm or associated abdominopelvic lymphadenopathy.
Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.
(Copyright © 2022 Société française de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)