Cerebral protection using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest versus retrograde cerebral perfusion for aortic hemiarch reconstruction.

Background: With evolutions in technique, recent data encourage the use of cerebral perfusion during aortic arch repair. However, a randomized data have demonstrated higher rates of neurologic injury according to MRI lesions using antegrade cerebral perfusion during hemiarch reconstruction.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of two institutional aortic center databases to identify adult patients who underwent aortic hemiarch reconstruction for elective aortic aneurysm or acute type A aortic dissection. Patients were stratified according to cerebral protection method: (1) deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) group versus (2) DHCA/retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) group.
Results: A total of 320 patients and 245 patients underwent hemiarch reconstruction for aortic aneurysm electively and aortic dissection, respectively. In aneurysmal pathology, the DHCA group included 133 patients and the DHCA/RCP group included 187 patients. Operative mortality was 0.8% in the DHCA group and 2.7% in the DHCA/RCP group (p = 0.41). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates revealed comparable 2-year survival (p = 0.14). In dissection, 43 patients and 202 patients were included in the DHCA group and the DHCA/RCP group, respectively. Operative mortality was equivalent between the two groups (11.6% in the DHCA group and 9.4% in the DHCA/RCP group, p = 0.58). Long-term survival was similar at 2 years between the groups (p = 0.06). Multivariable analysis showed cerebral perfusion strategy was not associated with the composite outcome of operative mortality and stroke.
Conclusions: In treating both elective and acute ascending aortic pathologies with hemiarch reconstruction, both DHCA alone or in combination with RCP yield comparable results.
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