Amphi-Active Superoxide-Solvating Charge Redox Mediator for Highly Stable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

A multifunctional electrolyte additive for lithium oxygen batteries (LOBs) was designed to have (1) a redox-active moiety to mediate decomposition of lithium peroxide (Li ₂ O ₂ as the final discharge product) during charging and (2) a solvent moiety to solvate and stabilize lithium superoxide (LiO ₂ as the intermediate discharge product) in electrolyte during discharging. 4-Acetamido-TEMPO (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) or AAT was employed as the additive working for both charge and discharge processes ( amphi -active). The redox-active moiety was rooted in TEMPO, while the acetamido (AA) functional group inherited the high donor number (DN) of N , N -dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Integrating two functional moieties (TEMPO and AA) into a single molecule resulted in the bifunctionality of AAT (1) facilitating Li ₂ O ₂ decomposition by the TEMPO moiety and (2) encouraging the solvent mechanism of Li ₂ O ₂ formation by the high-DN AA moiety. Significantly improved LOB performances were achieved by the superoxide-solvating charge redox mediator, which were not obtained by a simple cocktail of TEMPO and DMAc.