Microalgae-based biotechnological sequestration of carbon dioxide for net zero emissions.

Excessive carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions into the atmosphere have become a dire threat to the human race and environmental sustainability. The ultimate goal of net zero emissions requires combined efforts on CO ₂ sequestration (natural sinks, biomass fixation, engineered approaches) and reduction in CO ₂ emissions while delivering economic growth (CO ₂ valorization for a circular carbon bioeconomy, CCE). We discuss microalgae-based CO ₂ biosequestration, including flue gas cultivation, biotechnological approaches for enhanced CO ₂ biosequestration, technological innovations for microalgal cultivation, and CO ₂ valorization/biofuel productions. We highlight challenges to current practices and future perspectives with the goal of contributing to environmental sustainability, net zero emissions, and the CCE.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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