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Seasonal variations of low molecular alkyl amines in PM 2.5 in a North China Plain industrial city: Importance of secondary formation and combustion emissions.

Authors :
Yang XY
Cao F
Fan MY
Lin YC
Xie F
Zhang YL
Source :
The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2023 Jan 20; Vol. 857 (Pt 2), pp. 159371. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 12.
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

Atmospheric amines have unique acid-neutralizing capacity and play an important role in atmospheric chemical reactions. An integrated observation of PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> samples (from Dec 2015 to Nov 15, 2016) was conducted in a typical industrial city (Xuzhou), China. Concentrations of total measured amines (∑amines, including methylamine (MA), ethylamine (EA), dimethylamine (DMA), propanamine (PA) and trimethylamine (TMA) + diethylamine (DEA)) were 172.0 ± 98.2 ng m <superscript>-3</superscript> , accounting 1.5 ± 0.6 ‰ of PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> mass. ∑amines were higher in winter (249.0 ± 112.3 ng m <superscript>-3</superscript> ) and spring (192.4 ± 75.9 ng m <superscript>-3</superscript> ) than in summer (114.7 ± 33.3 ng m <superscript>-3</superscript> ) and autumn (103.7 ± 34.3 ng m <superscript>-3</superscript> ). Concentrations of MA and EA (the dominant amines) were highest in winter, while DMA, PA and TMA + DEA showed opposite seasonality. EA/MA ratios ranged from 0.04 to 8.7 with a median value of 0.3, and the averaged EA/MA ratio was 2.0 in winter, indicating large contribution of EA. Environmental factors including temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric oxidizing capacity (O <subscript>3</subscript> and O <subscript>x</subscript> represented) were found to influence concentrations of amines in PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> . The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model identified secondary products (41.6 %), combustion emissions (39.8 %), soil and waste incineration emissions (13.2 %) and biological emissions and aging products (5.4 %) as the 4 sources of amines in PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> . MA was mainly secondary products (82.5 %) and had high contribution of local secondary formation, while EA was mainly derived from combustion emissions (83.7 %) and influenced by regional transportation. In winter, combustion emissions (including coal combustion, biomass burning and traffic emissions, contributed 57.7 %) surpassed secondary products (31.6 %) as the predominant sources of amines, especially under the influence of regional transportation (75.7 %).<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1879-1026
Volume :
857
Issue :
Pt 2
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
The Science of the total environment
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
36240920
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159371