Air Pollution Effects in Allergies and Asthma.

Outdoor air pollution is associated with exacerbations of allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other atopic conditions. The increased allergic disease prevalence has been linked to this urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth globally. Air pollutants are well-known to disrupt the epithelium leading to specific diseases in any organ system that has epithelial linings. This review provides an overview of the health effects of air pollution on allergic disorders and specifically addresses how it may impact the epithelial barrier in the upper and lower respiratory tracts to facilitate the health effects associated with these exposures.
Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest A. Nanda: None. S.S. Mustafa: Genentech, Regeneron/Sanofi, GSK, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Aimmune. M. Castillo: None. J.A. Bernstein: INEOS; Speaking: Sanofi-Regeneron, AZ, GSK, Novartis, Genentech, Takeda/Shire, CSL Behring, Biocryst, Pharming, Optinose; Research and consultant: Sanofi-Regeneron, AZ, GSK, Novartis, Genentech, Takeda/Shire, CSL Behring, Biocryst, Pharming, Kalvista, IONIS, Celldex, TLL, ONO, Escient, Cycle, Blueprint Medicine, Biomarin, Merck, Amgen.
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