A DFT prediction of two-dimensional MB 3 (M = V, Nb, and Ta) monolayers as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Transition metal borides (MBenes) have recently drawn great attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Using the structural search code and first-principles calculations, we identify a group of the MB ₃ monolayers (M = V, Nb and Ta) consisting of multiple MB ₄ units interpenetrating with each other. The MB ₃ monolayers with non-chemically active surfaces are stable and have metal-like conduction. As the anode materials for Li-ion storage, the low diffusion barrier, high theoretical capacity, and suitable average open circuit voltage indicate that the MB ₃ monolayers have excellent electrochemical performance, due to the B ₃ chain exposed on the surface improving the Li atoms' direct adsorption. In addition, the adsorbed Li-ions are in an ordered hierarchical arrangement and the substrate structure remains intact at room temperature, which ensures excellent cycling performance. This work provides a novel idea for designing high-performance anode materials for LIBs.
Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare.
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