Reduced graphene oxide-enriched chitosan hydrogel/cellulose acetate-based nanofibers application in mild hyperthermia and skin regeneration.

Asymmetric wound dressings have captured researchers' attention due to their ability to reproduce the structural and functional properties of the skin layers. Furthermore, recent studies also report the benefits of using near-infrared (NIR) radiation-activated photothermal therapies in treating infections and chronic wounds. Herein, a chitosan (CS) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel (CS_rGO) was combined with a polycaprolactone (PCL) and cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun membrane (PCL_CA) to create a new NIR-responsive asymmetric wound dressing. The rGO incorporation in the hydrogel increased the NIR absorption capacity and allowed a mild hyperthermy effect, a temperature increase of 12.4 °C when irradiated with a NIR laser. Moreover, the PCL_CA membrane presented a low porosity and hydrophobic nature, whereas the CS_rGO hydrogel showed the ability to provide a moist environment, prevent exudate accumulation and allow gaseous exchanges. Furthermore, the in vitro data demonstrate the capacity of the asymmetric structure to act as a barrier against bacteria penetration as well as mediating a NIR-triggered antibacterial effect. Additionally, human fibroblasts were able to adhere and proliferate in the CS_rGO hydrogel, even under NIR laser irradiation, presenting cellular viabilities superior to 90 %. Altogether, our data support the application of the NIR-responsive asymmetric wound dressings for skin regeneration.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Mariana F. P. Graca reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Bruna L. Melo reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Rita Lima-Sousa reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Andre F. Moreira reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Ilidio J. Correia reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Andre F. Moreira reports financial support was provided by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional. Ilidio J. Correia reports financial support was provided by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional.
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