Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious complication following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Despite substantial improvements in the TAVR procedure (less invasive) and its expansion to younger and healthier patients, the incidence of IE after TAVR remains stable, with incidence rates similar to those reported after surgical aortic valve replacement. Although IE after TAVR is recognized as a subtype of prosthetic valve endocarditis, this condition represents a particularly challenging scenario given its unique clinical and microbiological profile, the high incidence of IE-related complications, the uncertain role of cardiac surgery, and the dismal prognosis in most patients with TAVR-IE. The number of TAVR procedures is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, increasing the number of patients at risk of developing this life-threatening complication. Therefore, a detailed understanding of this disease and its complications will be essential to improve clinical outcomes.
Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr del Val was supported by a grant from the Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero (Madrid, Spain). Dr Panagides has received research grants from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Microport. Dr Miró has received consulting honoraria and/or research grants from AbbVie, Angelini, Contrafect, Cubist, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, and ViiV Healthcare; and has received a personal 80:20 research grant from Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer during the 2017-2023 period. Dr Rodés-Cabau has received institutional research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Boston Scientific; and holds the Research Chair “Fondation Famille Jacques Larivière” for the Development of Structural Heart Disease Interventions (Laval University). All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
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