Back to Search Start Over

Judging a book by its cover: Cultural differences in inference of the inner state based on the outward appearance.

Authors :
Ji LJ
Lee A
Zhang Z
Li Y
Wang XQ
Torok D
Rosenbaum S
Source :
Journal of personality and social psychology [J Pers Soc Psychol] 2023 Jul; Vol. 125 (1), pp. 82-99. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 09.
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

The world can be represented by two layers of information: How it appears on the outside ( outward appearance ) and what it is on the inside ( inner state ). To what extent an outward appearance is assumed to reflect the inner state is fundamental to social inference and judgments. Conceptualizing inference in terms of the relationship between the outward appearance and the inner state generates an integrative interpretation for a wide range of phenomena. We showed that Chinese were more likely than Euro-Canadians to make inference of inner state that deviated from outward appearance, whereas Euro-Canadians were more likely than Chinese to infer a convergence between outward appearance and inner state (Studies 1-5). We observed these cross-cultural patterns in various contexts involving people or physical structures. Individual differences in correspondence bias or response bias did not explain these patterns. The lay belief that outward appearance can be misleading mediated the cultural effects (Study 4). To probe the underlying process, two additional experiments showed that highlighting the misleading nature of appearance, but not highlighting the power of the situation, reduced Americans' beliefs (Study 6) and inference (Study 7) that the outward appearance reflects the inner state. By focusing on the assumed relationship between the outward appearance and inner state, these findings provide a unique angle for understanding cross-cultural phenomena and have practical implications in daily life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1939-1315
Volume :
125
Issue :
1
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Journal of personality and social psychology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
36757950
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000413