Three-level model for opinion aggregation under hesitance.

Valuable information for decision-making can be obtained by collecting and analyzing opinions from diverse stakeholder or respondent groups, which usually have different backgrounds and are variously affected by the topics under survey. For this to succeed, it is necessary to manage the uncertainty of respondents' opinions, different number of filled questionnaires among groups, different number of questions for each stakeholder group, and relevance of subsets of respondent groups. This work proposes handling the hesitance of respondents' opinions for the rating scale questions. To evaluate the collected opinions, a three-level aggregation model is developed. In the first level, the overall opinion of each respondent is computed as a mean of fuzzy numbers covering uncertain answers and their respective hesitance. In the second level, stakeholder groups are considered as a whole. Aggregation by a relative quantifier is applied to calculate the validity of a proposition the majority of respondents have a positive or negative opinion . At the third level, the consensus among diverse subsets of stakeholder groups is calculated considering the relevance of each group independently as well as their so-called coalitions by Choquet integral. Finally, the proposed model is illustrated by a real-life case study.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
(© The Author(s) 2023.)