Reduction and valorization of dairy manure by organic chelating acid-assisted hydrothermal process: Dewatering performance, energy recovery, and effluent toxicity.

Livestock manure with high moisture content is a challenge for management and further disposal. In this study, the organic chelating acid(EDTA)-assisted hydrothermal (EAHT) process was used to achieve dewatering, dry mass minimization, and volume reduction of dairy manure (DM). The hydrophobic modification of DM resulted in a 55% reduction in dry mass, and the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) showed a shift in dewatering performance from unfilterable to highly filterable. An investigation of the reaction mechanisms suggests that proteins and polysaccharides were released from the damaged extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the DM into effluent. The surface functional groups of the hydrochar were changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which promotes the transformation of bound water to free water in the DM with enhanced dewatering performance. The obtained hydrochar at 17.5 mg/g EDTA dosage exhibited the highest calorific value (HHV _daf  = 29.25 MJ/kg). The HHV _dry of samples have little difference and approach that of anthracite coal (19.2-21.1 MJ/kg)After EAHT, the combustion safety of the hydrochar was improved, which is highly significant for its use as biofuel. The by-product effluent showed lower biological toxicity after EAHT than after HT. The findings of this study demonstrated that EAHT can be efficient in achieving DM reduction and energy recovery, which provides widespread agricultural and environmental application prospects.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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