Ratio fluorescence test strip visualized by amino-functionalized metal-organic framework for rapid sensing of glyphosate.

As glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide extensively used in agriculture worldwide, rapid glyphosate detection is essential for food safety and human health. Herein, a ratio fluorescence test strip was prepared and coupled with an amino-functionalized bismuth-based metal-organic framework (NH ₂ -Bi-MOF) that bonded with copper ion for rapid visualization and determination of glyphosate. NH ₂ -Bi-MOF had excellent fluorescence performance, and the copper ion, a Lewis acid, was selected as the quencher. The strong chelation of glyphosate with copper ion and its quick interaction with NH ₂ -Bi-MOF would turn on the fluorescence signal, thus enabling the quantitative sensing of glyphosate, with a linear range of 0.10-200 µmol L ^-1 , and recoveries between 94.8% and 113.5%. The system was then expanded to a ratio fluorescence test strip, in which the fluorescent ring sticker was set as a binding-in self-calibration to reduce errors from the angle and light dependency. The method realized the visual semi-quantitation referring to a standard card, as well as the ratio quantitation using the gray value output with LOD of 0.82 µmol L ^-1 . And the as-developed test strip was accessible, portable, and reliable, thus offering a platform for the rapid on-site detection of glyphosate and other residual pesticides.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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