Alkaline phosphatase combines with CT factors for differentiating small (≤ 4 cm) fat-poor angiomyolipoma from renal cell carcinoma: a multiple quantitative tool.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum and CT factors to establish a convenient diagnostic method for differentiating small (≤ 4 cm) fat-poor angiomyolipoma (AML) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the preoperative serum laboratory data and CT data of 32 fat-poor AML patients and 133 RCC patients. The CT attenuation value of tumor (AVT), relative enhancement ratio (RER), and heterogeneous degree of tumor were detected using region of interest on precontrast phase (PCP) and the corticomedullary phase. Multivariate regression was performed to filter the main factors. The main factors were selected to establish the prediction models. The area under the curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.
Results: Fat-poor AML was more common found in younger (47.91 ± 2.09 years vs 53.63 ± 1.17 years, P = 0.02) and female (70.68 vs 28.13%, P < 0.001) patients. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was higher in RCC patients (81.80 ± 1.75 vs 63.25 ± 2.95 U/L, P < 0.01). For CT factors, fat-poor AML was higher in PCP&#95;AVT (40.30 ± 1.49 vs 32.98 ± 0.69Hu, P < 0.01) but lower in RER (67.17 ± 3.17 vs 84.64 ± 2.73, P < 0.01). Gender, ALP, PCP&#95;AVT and RER was found valuable for the differentiation. When compared with laboratory-based or CT-based diagnostic models, the combination model integrating gender, ALP, PCP&#95;AVT and RER shows the best diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.922).
Conclusion: ALP was found higher in RCC patients. Female patients with ALP < 70.50U/L, PCP&#95;AVT > 35.97Hu and RER < 82.66 are more likely to be diagnose as fat-poor AML.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)