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Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, air pollution, and the risk of lung cancer: A prospective study in UK biobank.
- Source :
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The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2023 Jul 15; Vol. 882, pp. 163552. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 23. - Publication Year :
- 2023
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Abstract
- Background: Epidemiological evidence on the association between specific types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake and lung cancer risk is limited. However, whether dietary-specific PUFAs intake can modify the association between air pollutants and incident lung cancer remains unknown.<br />Methods: Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to evaluate the associations of omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs and the ratio of omega-6 PUFAs to omega-3 PUFAs intake with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, we evaluated the associations between air pollutants and incident lung cancer, and whether dietary-specific PUFAs intake would modify the relationship using stratification analyses.<br />Results: This study found significant associations between the risk of lung cancer and omega-3 PUFAs intake (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.93; per 1 g/d), and omega-6 PUFAs intake (HR, 0.98; 95 % CI, 0.96-0.99; per 1 g/d). We did not observe an association between the omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs intake ratio and incident lung cancer. With regard to air pollution, omega-3 PUFAs intake attenuated the positive relationship between nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollution and lung cancer risk, and an increased incidence of lung cancer was found only in the low omega-3 PUFAs intake group (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, PUFAs intake (regardless of omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, or in total) reinforced the pro-carcinogenic effects of PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> on lung cancer, and a positive association between PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> pollutants and incident lung cancer was observed only in the high PUFAs groups (p < 0.05).<br />Conclusions: Higher dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs intake was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in the study population. As omega-3 PUFAs have different modification effects on NO <subscript>X</subscript> and PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> air pollution related lung cancer incidence, precautions should be taken when using omega-3 PUFAs as health-promoting dietary supplements, especially in high PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> burden regions.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1026
- Volume :
- 882
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Science of the total environment
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37094679
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163552