Application of combined anterior and posterior approaches for the treatment of cervical tuberculosis with anterior cervical abscess formation and kyphosis using a Jackson operating table: a case report and literature review.

Background: There have been insufficient reports to date regarding the treatment of cervical spinal tuberculosis, and the optimal surgical approaches to treating this condition have yet to be established.
Case Report: This report describes the treatment of a case of tuberculosis associated with a large abscess and pronounced kyphosis through the use of a combined anterior and posterior approach with the aid of the Jackson operating table. This patient did not exhibit any sensorimotor abnormalities of the upper extremities, lower extremities, or trunk, and presented with symmetrical bilateral hyperreflexia of the knee tendons, while being negative for Hoffmann's sign and Babinski's sign. Laboratory test results revealed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 42.0 mm/h and a C-reactive protein (CRP) of 47.09 mg/L. Acid-fast staining was negative, and spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed the destruction of the C3-C4 vertebral body and a posterior convex deformity of the cervical spine. The patient reported a visual analog pain score (VAS) of 6, and exhibited an Oswestry disability index (ODI) score of 65. Jackson table-assisted anterior and posterior cervical resection decompression was performed to treat this patient, and at 3 months post-surgery the patient's VAS and ODI scores were respectively reduced to 2 and 17. Computed tomography analyses of the cervical spine at this follow-up time point revealed good structural fusion of the autologous iliac bone graft with internal fixation and improvement of the originally observed cervical kyphosis.
Conclusions: This case suggests that Jackson table-assisted anterior-posterior lesion removal and bone graft fusion can safely and effectively treat cervical tuberculosis with a large anterior cervical abscess combined with cervical kyphosis, providing a foundation for future efforts to treat spinal tuberculosis.