FIB-SEM combined with proteomics and modification omics clarified mechanisms of lipids synthesis in organelles of Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells with high CO 2 concentration.

In order to explain reasons why flue-gas CO ₂ (normally containing high CO ₂ ) enhanced carbon fixation and lipids synthesis with increased photochemical electron production in microalgae cells. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) was combined with proteomics and phosphorylation modification mics to clarify mechanisms of lipids synthesis at protein and organelle levels in Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells cultivated with high CO ₂ concentration (15 % v/v). The volumes of chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum in subcellular organelles increased by 47 % and 306 %, respectively, compared with the control, which improved conversion efficiency of starch grains to lipids (lipid content increased by 57 %). Proteomics and modifications omics revealed that protein translation and ribosome structure and biogenesis-related enzymes were significantly modified by phosphorylation, which regulated protein biological functions. Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and other carbohydrate metabolic pathways were markedly enriched and promoted the expression of lipid synthase, which was consistent with enhanced carbon fixation in photosynthesis, expansion of subcellular organelles and improved lipids synthesis.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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