Sex-specific association between microvascular health and coagulation parameters: the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study.

Background: Microvascular dysfunction is a growing determinant of sex differences in coronary heart disease (CHD). Dysregulation of the coagulation system is involved in CHD pathogenesis and can be induced by endothelial glycocalyx (EG) perturbation. However, little is known about the link between EG function and coagulation parameters in population-based studies on sex specificity.
Objectives: We sought to examine the sex differences in the relationship between EG function and coagulation parameters in a middle-aged Dutch population.
Methods: Using baseline measurements of 771 participants from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study (age, 56 years [IQR, 51-61 years]; 53% women; body mass index, 27.9 kg/m ² [IQR, 25.1-30.9 kg/m ² ]), associations between glycocalyx-related perfused boundary region (PBR) derived using sidestream dark-field imaging and coagulation parameters (factor [F]VIII/IX/XI; thrombin generation parameters; and fibrinogen) were investigated using linear regression analyses, adjusting for possible confounders (including C-reactive protein, leptin, and glycoprotein acetyls), followed by sex-stratified analyses.
Results: There was a sex difference in the associations between PBR and coagulation parameters. Particularly in women, 1-SD PBR (both total and feed vessel, indicating poorer glycocalyx status) was associated with higher FIX activity ([1.8%; 95% CI, 0.3%-3.3%] and [2.0%; 95% CI, 0.5%-3.4%], respectively) and plasma fibrinogen levels ([5.1 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.4-9.9 mg/dL] and [5.8 mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.1-10.6 mg/dL], respectively). Furthermore, 1-SD PBR _capillary was associated with higher FVIII activity (3.5%; 95% CI, 0.4%-6.5%) and plasma fibrinogen levels (5.3 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.6-10.0 mg/dL).
Conclusion: We revealed a sex-specific association between microcirculatory health and procoagulant status, which suggests that microvascular health be considered during early development of CHD in women.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests H.V. works for MicroVascular Health Solutions LLC. R.L.-G. works for Metabolon Inc. The remaining authors, including L.Y., J.H., A.I.M.v.d.V., R.d.M., F.R.R., A.v.H.V., T.J.R., and B.M.v.d.B., have no competing interests to disclose.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)