A retrospective descriptive study of medical record documentation of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds.

Introduction: Communication between clinicians and family members of patients about treatment limitation practices is essential to care-planning and decision-making. For patients and family members from culturally diverse backgrounds, there are additional considerations when communicating about treatment limitations.
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds in intensive care.
Methods: A descriptive study using a retrospective medical record audit was undertaken. Medical record data were collected from patients who died in 2018 in four intensive care units in Melbourne, Australia. Data are presented using descriptive and inferential statistics and progress note entries.
Results: From 430 adult deceased patients, 49.3% (n = 212) of patients were born overseas, 56.9% (n = 245) identified with a religion, and 14.9% (n = 64) spoke a language other than English as their preferred language. Professional interpreters were used in 4.9% (n = 21) of family meetings. Documentation about the level of treatment limitation decisions were present in 82.1% (n = 353) of patient records. Nurses were documented as present for treatment limitation discussions for 49.3% (n = 174) of patients. Where nurses were present, nurses supported family members, including reassurance that end-of-life wishes would be respected. There was evidence of nurses coordinating healthcare activities and attempting to address and resolve difficulties experienced by family members.
Conclusions: This is the first known Australian study to explore documented evidence of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Many patients have documented treatment limitations, yet there are a proportion of patients who die before treatment limitations can be discussed with family, which may influence the timing and quality of end-of-life care. Where language barriers exist, interpreters should be used to better ensure effective communication between clinicians and family. Greater provision for nurses to engage in treatment limitation discussions is required.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest We know of no conflicts of interest associated with this publication.
(Copyright © 2023 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)