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Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes, an underestimated danger: Epidemiological and pathophysiological data.
- Source :
-
Atherosclerosis [Atherosclerosis] 2024 Jul; Vol. 394, pp. 117158. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 20. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Cardiovascular disease (CV) is a common complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a leading cause of death. T1D patients are more likely to develop CV disease (CVD) early in life and show a reduction of life expectancy of at least 11 years. Patients with a young age of T1D onset have a substantially higher CV risk. The reasons for increased atherosclerosis in T1D patients are not entirely explained. In addition to the typical CV risk factors, long-term hyperglycemia has a significant impact by inducing oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, monocyte adhesion, arterial wall thickening and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, CVD in T1D is also associated with nephropathy. However, CVD risk is still significantly increased in T1D patients, in good glycemic control without additional CV risk factors, indicating the involvement of supplementary potential factors. By increasing oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, hypoglycemia and glucose variability may exacerbate CVD. Moreover, significant qualitative and functional abnormalities of lipoproteins are present in even well-controlled T1D patients and are likely to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and the promotion of CVD. According to recent research, immune system dysfunction, which is typical of auto-immune T1D, may also promote CVD, likely via inflammatory pathways. In addition, T1D patients who are overweight or obese exhibit an additional CV risk due to pathophysiological mechanisms that are similar to those seen in T2D.<br /> (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Oxidative Stress
Risk Factors
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Blood Glucose metabolism
Obesity epidemiology
Obesity complications
Obesity physiopathology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 physiopathology
Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1484
- Volume :
- 394
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Atherosclerosis
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37369617
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.005