Circulating T-cell subsets discrepancy between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder during mood episodes: A naturalistic, retrospective study of 1015 cases.

Aims: We aimed to investigate whether peripheral T-cell subsets could be a biomarker to distinguish major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD).
Methods: Medical records of hospitalized patients in the Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from January 2015 to September 2020 with a discharge diagnosis of MDD or BD were reviewed. Patients who underwent peripheral blood examination of T-cell subtype proportions, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-cell, and natural killer (NK) cells, were enrolled. The Chi-square test, t-test, or one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze group differences. Demographic profiles and T-cell data were used to construct a random forest classifier-based diagnostic model.
Results: Totally, 98 cases of BD mania, 459 cases of BD depression (BD-D), and 458 cases of MDD were included. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-cell, and NK cells among the three groups. Compared with MDD, the BD-D group showed higher CD8+ but lower CD4+ T-cell and a significantly lower ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ proportions. The random forest model achieved an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.83) to distinguish BD-D from MDD patients.
Conclusion: These findings imply that BD and MDD patients may harbor different T-cell inflammatory patterns, which could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for mood disorders.
(© 2023 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)