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Role of sex and gender in concussion outcome differences among patients presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review.
- Source :
-
Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention [Inj Prev] 2023 Nov 27; Vol. 29 (6), pp. 537-544. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 27. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify research involving adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a concussion to document the reporting of sex and/or gender according to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) guidelines, the prevalence of sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and to summarise sex and/or gender-based differences in ED presentation, management and outcomes.<br />Design: Systematic review.<br />Methods: Electronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that recruited adult patients with concussion from the ED. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, assessed quality and extracted data. A descriptive summary of the evidence was generated, and sex and/or gender reporting was examined for accuracy according to standardised criteria.<br />Results: Overall, 126 studies were included in the analyses. A total of 80 (64%) studies reported sex and/or gender as demographic information, of which 51 (64%) included sex and/or gender in their analysis; however, 2 (3%) studies focused on an SGBA. Sex was more accurately reported in alignment with CIHR definitions than gender (94% vs 12%; p<0.0001). In total, 25 studies used an SGBA for outcomes of interest. Males and females experience different causes of concussion, 60% of studies documented that females had less frequent CT scanning while in the ED, and 57% of studies reported that postconcussion syndrome was more prevalent in females and women.<br />Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted that sex is reported more accurately than gender, approximately half of studies did not report either sex and/or gender as demographic information, and one-third of studies did not include SGBA. There were important sex and gender differences in the cause, ED presentation, management and outcomes of concussions.<br />Prospero Registration Number: CRD42021258613.<br />Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.<br /> (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1475-5785
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37507213
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2022-044822