Practical Approach for Angina and Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Anginal symptoms are frequently encountered in patients without the presence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). It is increasingly recognized that vasomotor disorders, such as an abnormal vasodilatory capacity of the coronary microcirculation or coronary vasospasm, are the dominant pathophysiological substrate in these patients. Although the evidence with respect to angina in patients with non-obstructive coronary arteries is accumulating, the diagnosis and treatment of these patients remains challenging. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the pathophysiological origins of angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries disorders and its diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Hereby, we provide a practical approach for the management of patents with angina and non-obstructive CAD.
Competing Interests: Tim P. van de Hoef has received speaker fees and institutional research grants from Abbott and Philips. Jan J. Piek has received support as consultant for Philips/Volcano, and has received institutional research grants from Philips. Peter Damman received research grants, speaker and consultancy fees from Phillips, and research grants and speaker fees from Abbot. Marcel A.M. Beijk has received an institutional research grant from Actelion Pharmaceutical B.V. Coen K.M. Boerhout reports no conflict of interest relating to this work.
(Copyright © 2023. The Korean Society of Cardiology.)