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How habitat factors affect an Aedes mosquitoes driven outbreak at temperate latitudes: The case of the Chikungunya virus in Italy.

How habitat factors affect an Aedes mosquitoes driven outbreak at temperate latitudes: The case of the Chikungunya virus in Italy.

Authors :
Solimini A
Virgillito C
Manica M
Poletti P
Guzzetta G
Marini G
Rosà R
Filipponi F
Scognamiglio P
Vairo F
Caputo B
Source :
PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2023 Aug 17; Vol. 17 (8), pp. e0010655. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 17 (Print Publication: 2023).
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

Background: Outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases in temperate areas are not frequent, and limited in number of cases. We investigate the associations between habitat factors and temperature on individuals' risk of chikungunya (CHIKV) in a non-endemic area by spatially analyzing the data from the 2017 Italian outbreak.<br />Methodology/principal Findings: We adopted a case-control study design to analyze the association between land-cover variables, temperature, and human population density with CHIKV cases. The observational unit was the area, at different scales, surrounding the residence of each CHIKV notified case. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the whole dataset and separately for the resort town of Anzio and the metropolitan city of Rome, which were the two main foci of the outbreak. In Rome, a higher probability for the occurrence of CHIKV cases is associated with lower temperature (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) and with cells with higher vegetation coverage and human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05). In Anzio, CHIKV case occurrence was positively associated with human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.06) but not with habitat factors or temperature.<br />Conclusion/significance: Using temperature, human population density and vegetation coverage data as drives for CHIKV transmission, our estimates could be instrumental in assessing spatial heterogeneity in the risk of experiencing arboviral diseases in non-endemic temperate areas.<br />Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.<br /> (Copyright: © 2023 Solimini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1935-2735
Volume :
17
Issue :
8
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
37590255
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010655