The effects of cognitive intervention on inter-joint coordination during walking in the older adults with balance impairment.

Background: Cognitive interventions are among the effective training-on-gait parameters; however, the effects of such trainings on inter-joints coordination has not been much considered.
Research Question: Can dual task and executive function training affect inter-joint coordination during walking in elderly with poor balance?
Methods: Thirty elderly men were purposefully divided into three groups: 1) dual-task training group (DTG), 2) executive function training group (EFG) and 3) control group. After the pre-test, the experimental groups participated in 24 training sessions while the control group were required to do their normal daily tasks. VICON three-dimensional motion analysis system with four T20 series cameras was used to evaluate inter-joints coordination during the experiment. Participants had to walk a 12-meter path while kinematics of their joints was recorded. The inter-joint coordination at the sagittal plane and in four phases were assessed using the vector coding technique.
Results: The findings of this study showed that the greatest effect of the intervention on the coordination between the joints was in the loading and mid-stance phases (p < 0.05). Also, the variability in the coupling angle showed a significant decrease in most phases (p < 0.05).
Significance: Based on the obtained results, it can be argued that the loading and mid-stance are more involved in postural control and balance because the center of gravity is transferred between the legs and the person is normally on single-leg stance in these phases.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors stated there are no conflicts of interest to report.
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