Arbitrary-ratio 1 × 2 optical power splitter based on thin-film lithium niobate.

Optical power splitters (OPSs) have been widely used in photonic integrated circuits, but an OPS with a large fabrication tolerance and free choice of power splitting ratio (PSR) is still highly desired for thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate several 1 × 2 OPSs with PSRs from 50:50 to 5:95 using TFLN platform. The proposed devices are built by multimode interference structure to achieve a broad bandwidth and large fabrication tolerance. Various PSRs can be obtained by adjusting the geometry structure of the multimode interference region. All of our fabricated devices feature an insertion loss lower than 0.3 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm, and a PSR variation less than 3% in the range of 1520 nm to 1590 nm.