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Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
- Source :
-
Chemical biology & drug design [Chem Biol Drug Des] 2024 Jan; Vol. 103 (1), pp. e14372. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 10. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti-HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA-approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA-approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).<br /> (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use
Molecular Docking Simulation
HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism
Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology
Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
HIV-1
HIV Infections drug therapy
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome chemically induced
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1747-0285
- Volume :
- 103
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemical biology & drug design
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37817296
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.14372