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Long-Term Follow-Up of COVID-19 Convalescents-Immune Response Associated with Reinfection Rate and Symptoms.
- Source :
-
Viruses [Viruses] 2023 Oct 17; Vol. 15 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 17. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide, causing millions of deaths and leaving a significant proportion of people with long-term sequelae of COVID-19 ("post-COVID syndrome"). Whereas the precise mechanism of post-COVID syndrome is still unknown, the immune response after the first infection may play a role. Here, we performed a long-term follow-up analysis of 110 COVID-19 convalescents, analyzing the first SARS-CoV-2-directed immune response, vaccination status, long-term symptoms (approximately 2.5 years after first infection), and reinfections. A total of 96% of convalescents were vaccinated at least once against SARS-CoV-2 after their first infection. A reinfection rate of 47% was observed, and lower levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies after the first infection were shown to associate with reinfection. While T-cell responses could not be clearly associated with persistent postinfectious symptoms, convalescents with long-term symptoms showed elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels at the first infection. Evaluating the immune response after the first infection might be a useful tool for identifying individuals with increased risk for re-infections and long-term symptoms.
- Subjects :
- Humans
Reinfection
SARS-CoV-2
Follow-Up Studies
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1999-4915
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37896879
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102100