Development of an individualized WeChat mini program-based intervention to increase adherence to dietary recommendations applying the behaviour change wheel among individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a serious public health issue. Dietary changes form the core of MetS treatment. The adherence to dietary recommendations is critical for reducing the severity of MetS components and preventing complications. However, the adherence to dietary recommendations was not adequate among adults with MetS. This study utilizes the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to develop an individualized WeChat mini program-based behavioural change intervention aimed at strengthening adherence to dietary recommendations in people with MetS.
Methods: The BCW theory was used to design an individualized WeChat mini program-based behavioural change intervention. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to identify the determinants of adherence to dietary recommendations in individuals with MetS. The study was conducted at the health promotion centre of a prominent general university hospital in Zhejiang, China. Subsequently, the intervention functions (IFs) and policy categories were selected following the identified determinants. Afterwards, behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were chosen to translate into potential intervention strategies, and the delivery mode was determined.
Results: Our study identified fifteen barriers to improve the adherence to dietary recommendations in this population. These were linked with six IFs: education, training, persuasion, enablement, modelling, and environmental restructuring. Then, twelve BCTs were linked with the IFs and fifteen barriers. The delivery mode was a WeChat mini program. After these actions, an individualized WeChat mini program-based behavioural change intervention was developed to enhance adherence to dietary recommendations for individuals with MetS.
Conclusions: The BCW theory helped scientifically and systematically develop an individualized WeChat mini program-based behavioural change intervention for individuals with MetS. In the future, our research team will refine and upgrade the WeChat mini program and then test the usability and effectiveness of the individualized WeChat mini program-based behavioural change intervention program.