Achieving rapid endogenous partial denitrification by regulating competition and cooperation between glycogen accumulating organisms and phosphorus accumulating organisms from conventional activated sludge.

In anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (A/O/A) process, endogenous denitrification (ED) is critically important, and achieving steady endogenous partial denitrification (EdPD) is crucial to carbon saving and anammox application. In this study, EdPD was rapidly realized from conventional activated sludge by expelling phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in anaerobic/anoxic (A/A) mode during 40 days, with nitrite transformation rate (NTR) surging to 82.8 % from 29.4 %. Competibacter was the prime EdPD-fulfilling bacterium, soaring to 28.9 % from 0.5 % in phase II. Afterwards, balance of high NTR and phosphorus removal efficiency (PRE) were attained by well regulating competition and cooperation between PAOs and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) in A/O/A mode, when the Competibacter (21.7 %) and Accumulibacter (7.3 %, mainly Acc_IIC and Acc_IIF) were in dominant position with balance. The PRE recovered to 88.6 % and NTR remained 67.7 %. Great balance of GAOs and PAOs contributed to advanced nitrogen removal by anammox.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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