Mental Health Among Elite Youth Athletes: A Narrative Overview to Advance Research and Practice.

Context: Participation in sports during youth is typically beneficial for mental health. However, it is unclear whether elite sport contexts contribute to greater risk of psychological distress or disorder. The aims of this paper are to highlight conceptual issues that require resolution in future research and practice, and to examine the key factors that may contribute to the mental health of elite youth athletes (EYAs).
Evidence Acquisition: A narrative overview of the literature combined with the clinical and research expertise of the authors.
Study Design: Narrative overview.
Level of Evidence: Level 5.
Results: EYAs experience a range of biopsychosocial developmental changes that interact with mental health in a multitude of ways. In addition, there are various sport-specific factors that contribute to the mental health of EYAs that may become more prominent in elite contexts. These include - but are not limited to - patterns relating to athlete coping and self-relating styles, the nature of peer, parental, and coach relationships, organizational culture and performance pressures, and mental health service provision and accessibility.
Conclusion: A range of critical factors across individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal domains have been shown to contribute to mental health among EYAs. However, this evidence is limited by heterogeneous samples and varied or imprecise terminology regarding what constitutes "youth" and "elite" in sport. Nevertheless, it is clear that EYAs face a range of risks that warrant careful consideration to progress to best practice principles and recommendations for mental health promotion and intervention in elite youth sport.
Sort: Level C.
Competing Interests: The following authors declared potential conflicts of interest: V.P. has received funding support from the Margaret Cohan Research Scholarship at University of Melbourne. S.R. has received grants from Dame Kate Campbell Fellowship, National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Future Fund, and Australian Football League. K.A.T. has received grants from University of Toronto, royalties from Pearson, and honoraria from the Ladd Foundation (1616 Program).