The effect of three dental cement types on the corrosion of dental implant surfaces.

Statement of Problem: One of the main challenges facing dental implant success is peri-implantitis. Recent evidence indicates that titanium (Ti) corrosion products and undetected-residual cement are potential risk factors for peri-implantitis. The literature on the impact of various types of dental cement on Ti corrosion is very limited.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the influence of dental cement on Ti corrosion as a function of cement amount and type.
Materials and Methods: Thirty commercially pure Ti grade 4 discs (19 × 7mm) were polished to mirror-shine (Ra ≈ 40 nm). Samples were divided into 10 groups (n = 3) as a cement type and amount function. The groups were no-cement as control, TempBond NE (TB3mm, TB5mm, and TB8mm), FujiCEM-II (FC3mm, FC5mm, and FC8mm), and Panavia-F-2.0 (PC3mm, PC5mm, and PC8mm). Tafel's method estimated corrosion rate ( i _corr ) and corresponding potential (E _corr ) from potentiodynamic curves. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data was utilized to obtain Nyquist and Bode plots. An equivalent electrical circuit estimated polarization resistance (R _p ) and double-layer capacitance (C _dl ). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis was conducted to analyze the electrolyte solution after corrosion. pH measurements of the electrolyte were recorded before and after corrosion tests. Finally, the corroded surface was characterized by a 3D white-light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using either one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Post Hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test based on data distribution.
Results: Based on cement amount, FC and PC significantly increased i _corr in higher amounts (FC8mm- i _corr  = 8.22 × 10 ^-8 A/cm ² , PC8mm- i _corr  = 5.61 × 10 ^-8 A/cm ² ) compared to control (3.35 × 10 ^-8 A/cm ² ). In contrast, TB3mm decreased i _corr significantly compared to the control. As a function of cement type, FC increased i _corr the most. EIS data agrees with these observations. Finally, corroded surfaces had higher surface roughness (Ra) compared to non-corroded surfaces.
Conclusion: The study indicated that cement types FC and PC led to increased Ti-corrosion as a function of a higher amount. Hence, the implant stability could be impacted by the selection, excessive cement, and a potentially increased risk of peri-implantitis.
Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Dr.Valentim Barao is a co-author of this manuscript and he is a co-editor of Heliyon.
(© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)