Back to Search Start Over

Antibiotic resistance: a global crisis, problems and solutions.

Authors :
Aggarwal R
Mahajan P
Pandiya S
Bajaj A
Verma SK
Yadav P
Kharat AS
Khan AU
Dua M
Johri AK
Source :
Critical reviews in microbiology [Crit Rev Microbiol] 2024 Sep; Vol. 50 (5), pp. 896-921. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 21.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Healthy state is priority in today's world which can be achieved using effective medicines. But due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics, a menace of resistance has increased in pathogenic microbes. World Health Organization (WHO) has announced ESKAPE pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) as the top priority pathogens as these have developed resistance against certain antibiotics. To combat such a global issue, it is utmost important to identify novel therapeutic strategies/agents as an alternate to such antibiotics. To name certain antibiotic adjuvants including: inhibitors of beta-lactamase, efflux pumps and permeabilizers for outer membrane can potentially solve the antibiotic resistance problems. In this regard, inhibitors of lytic domain of lytic transglycosylases provide a novel way to not only act as an alternate to antibiotics but also capable of restoring the efficiency of previously resistant antibiotics. Further, use of bacteriophages is another promising strategy to deal with antibiotic resistant pathogens. Taking in consideration the alternatives of antibiotics, a green synthesis nanoparticle-based therapy exemplifies a good option to combat microbial resistance. As horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria facilitates the evolution of new resistance strains, therefore identifying the mechanism of resistance and development of inhibitors against it can be a novel approach to combat such problems. In our perspective, host-directed therapy (HDT) represents another promising strategy in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This approach involves targeting specific factors within host cells that pathogens rely on for their survival, either through replication or persistence. As many new drugs are under clinical trials it is advisable that more clinical data and antimicrobial stewardship programs should be conducted to fully assess the clinical efficacy and safety of new therapeutic agents.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1549-7828
Volume :
50
Issue :
5
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Critical reviews in microbiology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38381581
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2024.2313024