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Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk.
- Source :
-
Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis [Clin Investig Arterioscler] 2024 Jul-Aug; Vol. 36 (4), pp. 234-242. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 26. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction due to recurrent collapse during sleep. This leads to intermittent hypoxia episodes, which, through complex pathophysiological mechanisms, trigger sympathetic overactivation, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulation, and metabolic dysregulation. Consequently, other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are induced. Furthermore, this enhances target organ damage, affecting the heart, arteries, and kidneys, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among the various treatments for OSA, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has been extensively studied. To date, this treatment has shown mild benefits in reducing blood pressure, particularly noticeable in patients with resistant hypertension. Furthermore, CPAP treatment appears to reduce cardiovascular events, both in primary and secondary prevention, though this benefit is limited to individuals with good compliance (CPAP use ≥4h/night). Future research perspectives in OSA seem to focus on identifying patients in whom the condition significantly influences cardiovascular risk, thus determining those who would benefit the most from treatment in the reduction of cardiovascular risk.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Hypertension complications
Hypertension physiopathology
Patient Compliance
Secondary Prevention methods
Primary Prevention methods
Risk Factors
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive complications
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive therapy
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology
Cardiovascular Diseases etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English; Spanish; Castilian
- ISSN :
- 1578-1879
- Volume :
- 36
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38413245
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2024.01.004