Otitis externa.

External otitis (EO) is a common and often painful infection in the ear canal. This review provides an overview of the typical presentation, causes, complications, and treatment of EO. The condition is influenced by factors like pH levels, inflammation, and bacterial or fungal invasion. Most common bacteria involved are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and most common fungi are Aspergillus and Candida species. EO can lead to serious complications, such as necrotising EO, which requires prompt medical attention. Treatment involves local care, ear drops, and, in severe cases, systemic antibiotics.
(Published under Open Access CC-BY-NC-BD 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)